Oct 19, 2014

What You Should Know About Military Antennas

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By Patty Goff


In professional satellite communications transmitters, it is common for a single antenna to work with two orthogonal polarizations simultaneously, so that the available bandwidth for the signal on the link is doubled (military antennas). To do this, standing next to one ortho-mode transducer feeder, which has a circular waveguide port connected to the horn and two orthogonal rectangular waveguide ports, each of which works in a different polarization.

This parameter is defined as the ratio between the maximum radiated power in a geometric direction and power radiated in opposite direction. When this relationship is reflected in dB scale, the ratio F / B (Front / Back) is the difference in dB between the maximum radiation level and radiation level of 180 degrees. This parameter is especially useful when interference back is critical in choosing the antenna that we use.

Beamwidth: The angular range of directions in which the radiation of a beam takes a value 3 dB below the maximum. The direction in which the radiated power is halved. Ratio at the secondary main lobe (SLL): The ratio in dB between the maximum value of main lobe and the maximum value of secondary lobe. Front-back ratio (FBR): The ratio in dB between the value of maximum radiation and the same direction and opposite direction.

Bandwidth is a frequency range in which the antenna parameters meet certain characteristics. Can define impedance bandwidth, polarization, gain or other parameters. Directivity is the impedance of masts at its terminals. It is the relationship between the voltage and the input current. Z = frac V I. The impedance is a complex number. The real part of an impedance is called mast resistance and the imaginary part is reactance.

A transmitter with more than about 3 items are usually less sensitive in a circle slice perpendicular towards the main direction of a jet and therefore one can put antennas in close proximity to a base station. The distance between the antennas should be at least 1 / 2-1 of main wavelengths used. Further away than about 10 wavelengths (far field) affects largely the antenna radiation pattern, but it can affect radio propagation or radio broadcast.

There are three basic types of transmitters: wire, aperture and planar antennas. Also, clusters of these aerials (arrays) are usually considered in the literature as another basic type of antenna. Wire transmitters are variants whose radiating elements are wire conductors having a negligible section relative to wavelength employment.

The dimensions are generally a maximum wavelength. It is widely used in the bands of MF, HF, VHF and UHF. You can find wire antenna arrays. Examples of wire antennas are: the vertical monopole, the dipole and its evolution, the Yagi, loop antenna and the helical antenna is a special type of antenna that is used primarily on VHF and UHF. It describes a helix conductor, thereby producing a circular polarization.

The wire transmitters are analyzed from the electrical currents of the conductors. Aperture aerials are those that use surfaces or openings to direct the electromagnetic beam which concentrate their transmission and reception antenna system in one direction.




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